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TEACHING YOUNG KIDS
教小孩打球
One of the most often asked questions I receive is, At what age should I start my child with tennis? The answer I give depends upon their goal for their child.
我收到的最常被问到的问题是: 我的孩子应该在多少岁开始打网球? 我的回答会根据他们对孩子的目标而不同.
If the goal is just to enjoy tennis for a lifetime, then there is no hurry to rush into the sport. At 4 or 5 years of age work with your child at rolling a ball on the ground with their hand. Rolling a ball on the ground works on the developing hand-eye coordination needed later. Roll the ball to a specific area or target. Bouncing balls require more development, so start slowly by toss balls to child to catch. Have them catch with both hands off a bounce and out of the air. Throwing balls is also good for the development direction and speed control. Try throwing to a target or bucket. Some racquet skills may be introduced at this stage by rolling balls with a racquet is a good way to begin controlling the ball with a youth racquet (21 length). Balancing a ball on the racquet strings and walking can even be quite difficult. Keep the skills fun! Make games out of them to keep your child interested. The attention span at this age is about 5 minutes so change skills or games often.
如果目标是为了一生享受网球, 那么不用那么着急冲进网球场. 在4/5岁的时候可以让孩子在地上用手滚球玩. 这样可以锻练日后需要的手-眼协调性. 可以要求将球滚至特定区域或目标. 拍球需要更高的技巧, 所以可以一开始慢慢得抛球给孩子让他们接住. 让他们用双手接球, 接弹地球和空中球. 抛球有益于发展方向和速度的控制力. 可以试着扔向一个目标或桶里. 在这个阶段也可以介绍一些用拍技巧, 在青少年拍(长度为21吋)上滚动球是开始练习控球的好方法. 在行进中保持球在球拍中有相当的难度. 让这个练习有趣起来! 这样通过游戏来保持你孩子的兴趣. 这个年纪孩子的注意力时间大概在5分钟左右, 因此应该时时变换练习技巧和游戏内容.
At 6 to 7 years children have developed enough to begin more racquet skills. Keep in mind that continued toss and throwing of balls at this age is still vital for hand-eye coordination. Racquet skills involve, rolling balls on the ground and controlling the direction and speed. Stopping a rolling ball coming towards your child is another step. Bouncing balls on the ground or up in the air with the racquet should be introduced before actual strokes. Ball bouncing should be done with control, stress continued bounces. Make a game out of it by counting the number of successful bounces without a miss. Tossed balls with a bounce and a hit require some patience on your part. Success at hitting a bounced ball in any direction requires that the person tossing be exceptional at tossing to a precise target. Keep it fun! Again, make games out of the skills to keep their interest.
6/7岁的孩子已经发育好了足够的能力开始学习更多的球拍技巧. 需要记住的是不断的练习抛接球在这个年龄来说对于手-眼协调性的发育依然很重要. 球拍技巧需要增加新的内容, 在地上滚动球, 控制它的方向和速度. 停住冲自己的来球对孩子来说是新的内容. 用球拍往地上拍球或向空中拍球应该在练习真实击球前介绍给孩子. 需要控制性的持续拍球. 可以为此做为一个游戏, 数拍球不失误的次数. 将球抛地弹起孩子让他击打需要你的一些耐心. 成功的将弹起的球击向任何方向需要抛球的人好的抛球精确性. 依然要保持练习的有趣性, 通过游戏练习技巧, 留住他们的兴趣.
At 8 to 9 years children are now ready to fully begin hitting tennis balls over a net. Emphasis should be place on stroke form and ball direction. Small strokes with a steady racquet will produce the best results. Try having your child drop and hit balls to a target. Next begin to toss balls to your child so that they can hit the ball right back to you, softly with control. Tossing and serving is still difficult at this age but can still be taught. Playing actual tennis games can be introduced but kids have better success at short court games. Consecutive rallies with a forehand or backhand can be game. Serving or hitting to targets that make noise is a great incentive (think aluminum trash cans).
在孩子8/9岁的时候可以带着孩子去网球场练球了. 这里应该将重点放在击球动作和控制球的方向上. 稳定的小力击球会有最好的效果. 可以让你的孩子试着将球弹地然后击向一个目标. 然后可以开始将抛向你的孩子让他们把球轻轻的, 但有控制的击回给你. 对于这个年龄, 抛球发球仍然很难, 但还是可以教一教. 可以开始打打真正的比赛, 但短场赛能对孩子产生更好的效果. 连续的用正手或反手拉球可以作为比赛内容. 用发球或击球打向目标来产生噪音会是一个很好的激励(可以考虑用铝的可乐罐).
With all skills and game the right equipment makes all the difference. With racquets the right size youth racquet is important. Youth racquets come in lengths of 21, 23, and 25 and the different sizes should be used at they progress. Special tennis balls are also important. SpeedBall is an oversized, high density, foam ball are great to slow the game down. Low compression balls also slow the ball down to help with building striking skills. Low nets, pee wee nets or no net at all improves the success rate and increases the fun.
在学会了所有的技术和比赛内容后, 合适的装备的意义就很大了. 用合适尺寸的青少年拍很重要. 少年拍长度有21, 23 和25吋的, 在他们不同的发育过程应选用不同的尺寸. 特殊的网球同样重要. 快速球(SpeedBall))是一种比一般尺寸要大, 高密度的泡沫球, 可以使速度慢下来. 低气压的球也可以使拿球速慢下来, 帮助发展击球技术. 低网, 小网或者不用网都可以增加成功率和乐趣.
If you have any more questions about teaching kids feel free to email me with your questions.
Doug Hofer, USPTA November 4, 2005
